Antibodies shows various mode of actions to eliminate, neutralize, and regulate immune responses. It contribute to the body's defense against pathogens and foreign substances. The rest of an antibody's structure is much less variable; in humans, antibodies occur in five classes or isotypes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Human IgG and IgA antibodies are also divided into discrete subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4; IgA1 and IgA2). Antibody - Structure, Classes, Function: Each antibody molecule is essentially identical to the antigen receptor of the B cell that produced it. The basic structure of these proteins consists of two pairs of polypeptide chains (lengths of amino acids linked by peptide bonds) that form a flexible Y shape. The stem of the Y consists of one end of each of two identical heavy chains, while each arm is composed of the remaining portion of a heavy chain plus a smaller protein called the light ... Learn what antibodies are, how they protect you from foreign substances and what types of antibodies exist. Find out how monoclonal antibodies, COVID antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies can affect your health.
