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Down syndrome ... Down syndrome or Down 's syndrome , [12] also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. [3] It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. [1][13] Down syndrome is a genetic condition that impacts the brain and body’s development. Learn about the causes, symptoms , and diagnosis of this condition. Each person with Down syndrome is an individual. Problems with intellect and development are usually mild to moderate. Some people are healthy while others have serious health issues such as heart problems that are present at birth. Children and adults with Down syndrome have distinct face and body features. Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21. It can affect their physical, cognitive and behavioral development. Learn about the types, risk factors, screening and diagnostic tests for Down syndrome .