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Bacterial flagella are long, thin (about 20 nm), whip-like appendages that move the bacteria towards nutrients and other attractants. Like capsule and pili, flagella are external to the cell wall in some bacteria. Flagella are free at one end and attached to the cell at the other end. Flagella are slender, thread-like structures that extend from the cell body of various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. These structures play a crucial role in locomotion, allowing cells to move through liquid environments effectively. Flagella in eukaryotic cells can also exist, but they differ structurally from prokaryotic flagella . Eukaryotic flagella are made of a protein called tubulin and can strike backwards and forward. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota, the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word flagellum means "whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion.
