Haematology is a sub-speciality of internal medicine that focuses on studying blood, blood-making organs such as bone marrow, blood-related conditions, and diseases. Hematology, branch of medical science concerned with the nature, function, and diseases of the blood. In the 17th century, Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using a primitive, single-lens microscope, observed red blood cells (erythrocytes) and compared their size with that of a grain of Introduction Hematology is the study of pathophysiology of the cellular elements and coagulation proteins in the blood. Physicians who specialize in this field are referred to as hematologists. Hematology has several new tools available to detect abnormalities in numbers or dysfunctions. Hematologists diagnose and treat both benign and malignant blood disorders. Primary hematologic diseases are uncommon, while secondary hematologic conditions occur frequently. Thus the inquiring physician ... Hematology is the study and treatment of blood disorders, such as anemia, bleeding disorders, and blood cancers. Hematologists are medical doctors who may also train in oncology, which is the study and treatment of cancer.