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How many layers of atmosphere are there? The Earth’s atmosphere can be divided into five main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The atmosphere of Earth is divided into several different layers. Each layer has its own properties, depending on how far you are from the surface of the planet. Learn about the 5 main layers of the atmosphere and also the sublayers. See the height, temperature, and composition of the layers. The atmosphere layer closest to the earth is referred to as the troposphere. Beyond the troposphere are the stratosphere, the ozone layer, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and neon.