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Lymphocytosis or High Lymphocytes: Understanding elevated lymphocyte counts. Learn causes, symptoms & diagnosis for this blood condition. Having too many lymphocytes ( lymphocytosis ) may be a sign of an infection, thyroid disease, or certain blood cancers. Having too few lymphocytes (lymphopenia) may be a sign of an autoimmune disease, genetic disorder, or bone marrow failure caused by anemia, chemotherapy, or radiation. High lymphocyte blood levels often indicate your body is dealing with an infection or other inflammatory condition . A spike in your lymphocytes typically means that these white blood cells are springing into action to rid your body of an invader that can make you sick. High lymphocyte count, or lymphocytosis, is defined in adults by an ALC exceeding 4,000 lymphocytes per microliter (cells/µL) of blood. In general, the following ranges are considered typical: Reference ranges can vary depending on age, race, and laboratory standards.