Modified kuppuswamy scale: The modified Kuppuswamy scale requires periodic

The modified Kuppuswamy scale requires periodic updates to reflect contemporary socioeconomic realities in India. Socioeconomic status (SES) significantly influences health outcomes and disparities across populations. Income thresholds for the scale are adjusted using the consumer price index for industrial workers (CPI-IW). The inflation rate for January 2025 was calculated at 3.09%, affecting SES assessments. Accurate SES assessment is crucial for epidemiological research and equitable ... Despite its widespread use, the modified Kuppuswamy scale, like its original version, requires periodic revisions to remain aligned with the evolving socioeconomic realities of India. In this study, present updated version of modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale for the year 2023 in India. Kuppuswamy's SES scale The modified Kuppuswamy scale is commonly used to measure SES in urban and rural areas. This scale was devised by Kuppuswamy in 1976 and consists of a composite score which includes the education and occupation of the Family Head along with income per month of the family, which yields a score of 3–29.